TNF and herpes zoster: A retrospective cohort and nested case–control study showed that the herpes zoster risk is further increased by use of corticosteroids (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51–1.99), thiopurines (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.61–2.13), anti-TNF-α therapy (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.48–2.21), and combination therapy of thiopurines and anti-TNF-α therapy (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 2.33–4.65) [29].