VCP and cancer: A detailed analysis of the somatic mutations in VCP/p97 in human cancers, performed by the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) [181], documented the presence of deletions (frameshift and in-frame), insertions (frameshift) and substitutions (coding silent, missense and nonsense mutations) located mainly in the N-terminal, D1 and D2 regions (Table 2).