TNF and migraine disorder: Using a wide spectrum of antibiotics and germ-free mice, Tang et al. observed that antibiotics treatment prolonged nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced acute migraine-like pain in wild-type (WT) mice and its blockade by deletion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or intraspinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) injection of a TNFα receptor antagonist [159].