INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For this purpose, the following keywords and their combinations were used: magnolol, Magnolia, diabetes, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, obesity, reproductive system, ocular complication, diabetic foot, testes, ovaries, inflammation, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, or intestinal microflora.