The irregular cytoplasmic localisation of associated proteins involved in DNA repair pathways, apoptosis, and differentiation such as alternate reading frame (ARF), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) may be involved in NPM1mut leukaemia, but there is not yet any definite proof that this plays a significant role. Here, APEX1 is linked to leukemia.