Although the correlation between HMGB1 levels and sepsis progression is not novel in itself, as shown by Karlsson and collaborators [35], there have been very few works, to our knowledge, that compare the levels of this biomarker among patients classified according to the latest SEPSIS-3 diagnostic criteria (i.e., sepsis vs. septic shock) and, importantly, compared to both healthy individuals and noninfected ICU patients. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and septic shock.