HMGB1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: HMGB1 contributes to the pro-inflammatory state, and several works have shown that extracellular HMGB1 levels correlate with disease progression and participate in cell death processes tightly linked to pyroptosis and endotoxemia [20]; however, many details regarding the specific kinetics of its release and clearance from the bloodstream are still partly unknown.