In about 40–50% of patients, melanoma cells are characterized by a mutation of BRAF (v-rat fibrosarcoma (Raf) murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) at position 600 (BRAFV600), which results in constitutive activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway [6]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.