Co-treatment with the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, BEZ235 and TSA significantly enhances autophagic cell death and induces anti-tumor activities in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [297] and breast cancer [298] by depressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and upregulating the expression of LC3-II and Beclin1. The gene discussed is BECN1; the disease is breast cancer.