Although blocking CCL2 demonstrated preclinical antitumor activity by potentiating the effects of radiotherapy [156] and preventing metastasis [157], a phase 1 trial and phase 2 carlumab (CNTO 888), a human anti-CCL2 IgG1κ monoclonal antibody (mAb), in solid tumors (NCT00992186) and in metastatic prostate cancer (NCT00537368), respectively, failed to prove clinical benefit due to the inability of CNTO 888 to reduce CCL2 serum levels [139,140]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and metastatic prostate carcinoma.