HLA-C and cancer: Chen et al. summarized the steps the immune system takes against cancer development in the cancer-immunity cycle, which is the process that leads to the recognition of cancer-associated antigen (CAA) by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T-cell priming, education, and moving to TME, cancer-killing effects, the release of cytokines and CAA, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity [71].