CSF3 and infection: Nevertheless, as revealed in the present study, the prognosis of the patients who developed FN was significantly shortened to a median of 1.9 months for PFS and a median of 7.2 months for OS (compared with 3.5 and 10 months for the patients without FN, respectively), and a randomized phase III study showed that prophylactic G-CSF was effective in reducing the risk of FN and infections in SCLC patients, despite the addition of prophylactic antibiotics [26]; we should consider the administration of prophylactic PEG-G-CSF.