In contrast, the association was not present in the following subgroups (p > 0.05 for all): female, age > 65 years, Child–Pugh classification B, presence of ascites, HBsAg negative, anti-HCV-positive, alcoholism; tumor number ≥ 2, micro- or macrovascular invasion, microsatellite distribution of tumors, non-cirrhosis, AFP or bilirubin > upper limit of normal, PT prolongation > 4 s, normal AST or creatinine > upper limit of normal. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is alcohol drinking.