IFNG and infection: In human cells, such as human vasculature endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human fibroblasts (HFF), infection of IFNγ-primed cells results in the endo-lysosomal fusion of the parasitophorous vacuole and clearance [38,69], while in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), IFNγ stimulation results in the perforation of the PVM by the immune effectors IRGs and GBPs [30].