TGFB1 and neoplasm: Parallelly, chlorogenic acid was found to reduce breast tumor sizes in rats and the 4T1 mouse model by disturbing the tumor microenvironment via the suppression of vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF, for angiogenesis), cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34, a common marker for identifying hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)), Transforming growth factor (TGF-β, a key mediator of angiogenesis) expression, and by reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, respectively [31,32].