TGFB1 and atrial fibrillation: Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2), YKL-40, CTGF, activin A (TGF-β superfamily) upregulation and Omentin-1 downregulation in human EAT are also implicated in atrial fibrosis and AF development [60,77,78,79,80].