LGALS3 and diabetes mellitus: Pecherina et al. investigated the serum galectin-3 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and preserved LVEF (HFpEF) compared to those with HFrEF, and found that this biomarker correlated with the parameters reflecting diastolic dysfunction in patients with HFpEF, and with LVEF and left ventricular end-systolic volume/diameter in patients with HFrEF [44].The TOPCAT trial investigated the biomarker profiles of patients with diabetes and HFpEF compared to patients without DM.