BRAF and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1: These considerations and the observation of cortical malformations, including pachygyria, heterotopia and cortical temporal dysgenesis in CFCS and other RASopathies [12,33,34,35], further support a possible direct contribution of BRAF mutations in altering morphogenetic programs of the brain, which may contribute, in part, to epilepsy in CFCS.