TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Although the authors showed that the expression of miR-146a recapitulates the functional consequences of HCC exome treatment by promoting M2 macrophage remodeling and leading to changes in the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, PD-1, and CTLA-4, the precise mechanisms (e.g., the involvement of the NFkB pathway) require further elucidation.