TGFB1 and systemic sclerosis: Several experimental studies revealed that specific gene sets are expressed in the peripheral blood and skin of SSc patients [23,24,25,26], which are associated with fibrosis-related pathways such as TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and collagen synthesis (COL4A3, COL4A4, COL5A2, COL13A1, COL22A1, CTGF) [27], immunologic response, B-cell signaling (BANK1), interleukin signaling (IL12A, IL12RB1, IRAK1), IFN signaling (IRF4, IRF5, STAT4), activated macrophages, chemokines, as well as keratin-related pathways (keratin genes) [12,16,23,27,28,29,30,31].