ATXN1 and multiple sclerosis: NDDs are associated with mutations in proteins which seem to be interconnected at the molecular level; for example, recent reports indicate that α-synuclein or ataxin-1 (ATXN1), proteins related to PD and spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1), respectively, may represent risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of AD or Multiple Sclerosis (MS) [2,3].