When peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with coronary artery disease were pretreated with lutein, followed by treatment of lipopolysaccharide, it lowered lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF, and downregulated IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner [76] (Figure 4). Here, TNF is linked to coronary artery disorder.