HMGB1 and Peri-Implantitis: In the oral cavity, higher expression of HMGB1 was detected in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontitis and peri-implantitis, which was accompanied by the elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 [54].