AKT1 and atherosclerosis: Taken together, these results suggested in vitro inhibitory effect of GTIN against ROS generation may correct the degree of abnormal VSMCs proliferation and migration by down-regulating Akt/NF-κB signaling-mediated MMP-9 production and up-regulating p53 signaling-mediated Rb phosphorylation that subsequently inhibited the development of atherosclerosis (Figure 6d).