Interestingly, in a study that included 41 HCC and 24 non-HCC patients, the authors identified the capacity of circulating T-cells to recognize AFP-derived CD4+ T-cell epitopes and how anti-AFP CD4+ T-cell response was evident only in HCC subgroups with mild or elevated AFP serum levels, suggesting the potential use of anti-AFP cancer vaccines in HCC [46]. Here, AFP is linked to cancer.