In particular, ALDH1A3 expression in melanoma cells was correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumor samples and led to the reduced proliferation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the co-culture experiments. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.