Recently, a sex-specific genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed in over 8000 patients with RCC provided evidence for sex-specific associations for two known RCC genetic loci (DPF3, 14q24.2 and EPAS1, 2p21, associated with female and male sex, respectively), further supporting the role of genetic susceptibility in determining RCC sexual dimorphisms [18]. This evidence concerns the gene DPF3 and renal cell adenocarcinoma.