CCL2 and neoplasm: Their interaction with the BMDMs and tumor cells in the collagen-I matrix increased production of GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL12, and reduced production of IFN-β1, LIF, VEGF, CCL17, CXCL5 and CX3CL1 (Figure 3e).