For example, RNF111 encodes the Arkadia protein which has been shown to enhance tumor suppression in colorectal, renal cell, and lung carcinoma by enhancing TGF-beta signaling [35,36,37], while PPWD1 encodes a peptidylprolyl isomerase which contains WD40 domains and is thought to play a role in protein folding and pre-mRNA splicing [38,39]. The gene discussed is RNF111; the disease is lung carcinoma.