TNF and neoplasm: In tumorigenesis for example, NF-κB regulates pro-inflammatory genes such as cytokines and chemokines (e.g., TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17), proliferative (cyclin D1, Cyclin E) and anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), which can enhance tumor growth and survival [39,62].