TGFB1 and chronic pancreatitis: For example, a mutant IκBα capable of blocking NF-κB activation in mesenchymal stromal cells in a chronic pancreatitis model showed that proliferation and apoptosis of PSCs was regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways (PPAR, MAPK, mTOR, TGF-β, NOD-like receptor, Notch, WNT, TGF-β1-SMAD-2/3, and P53) [132].