TNF and gastric cancer: When BALB/C mice grafted with MFC mouse gastric cancer cells were treated with curcumin solution every day for 60 days, expressions of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), granzyme B, and perforin were upregulated, while differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), STAT3, and VEGF expression were downregulated in the experimental group [63].