KRAS and cancer: While mechanisms driving HMGA1 expression in cancer are incompletely understood, growth factors, cancer-associated mutations, including Kras or mutant Apc, and oncogenic transcription factors, such as cMYC, up-regulate HMGA1 in specific contexts, demonstrating that diverse oncogenic pathways converge on HMGA1 to induce its expression [62,63,64,65,66,67].