In AKI patients with continuous venovenous hemofiltration therapy, citrate administration reduces myeloperoxidase and interleukin 8 (IL-8) plasma levels [58]; in a model of CKD induced by adenine in rats, the administration of citrate reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 17 (IL-17), whereas it increases the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 10 (IL-10) and TGF-β [59]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and chronic kidney disease.