There was upregulation in the expression of HSPD1 mRNA, MMP14 mRNA, ITGB1 mRNA, miR-6881-5pmiRNA and lncRNA lnc-SPARCL1-1:2 in NAFLD, simple steatosis, and NASH groups compared to the healthy control group (p ˂ 0.01) (Figure 2A–E, Supplementary Table S2). Here, HSPD1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.