A more recent study supporting the involvement of TNF-α in hyperalgesia showed that in rats with peripheral neuropathy, TNF-α blockade alleviates hyperalgesia by decreasing the p 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAP) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) [11]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is peripheral neuropathy.