Acting mainly through ERα, estrogens inhibit the activation of JNK and NF-κB and their signaling pathways, thus reducing the expression of target genes encoding inflammatory mediators, such as TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 [365,366,367,397], and avoiding the propagation of a chronic inflammatory status, which may account for sex differences in NAFLD progression toward more harmful conditions [71,230,251,363,364]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.