Furthermore, we have also observed decreased Cav-1 in the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice (i.e., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS) and in the hippocampus of PSAPP mice (i.e., AD), while neuron-targeted Cav-1 expression using the synapsin promoter (SynCav1) significantly extended survival and mitochondria count and morphology in the ALS spinal cord [21] and maintained cognitive function, neuronal morphology, and synaptic ultrastructure in PSAPP mice [22]. The gene discussed is CAV1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.