Based on the variability of RNA and protein expression in cancer, the inadequacy of many proteasome inhibitors, and our recent observations in CML, we hypothesized that PSMD1 and PSMD3 are potential targets for anti-cancer therapeutics and that their relevance stretches beyond CML to other types of cancers. The gene discussed is PSMD3; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.