The over-expression of NDRG1 results in the up-regulation of epithelial markers such as β-catenin and E-cadherin in colon and prostate cancer [70,82], while differentiation-promoting ligands such as PPAR-γ, vitamin D and isobutyl methylxanthine have been demonstrated to induce NDRG1 expression [70]. This evidence concerns the gene NDRG1 and prostate carcinoma.