Remarkably, in cancer cells, p-eIF2α promotes oncogenic translation; phosphorylation of eIF2α in cancer cells “hijacks” the translation machinery and results in enhanced activation of tumor-promoting translation via the use of non-conventional internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-containing oncogenic mRNAs and involves unique translation machinery including proteins such as eIF5B, eIF2D, and MCT-1 that together activate tumor promoting pathways [128,129,130]. This evidence concerns the gene EIF2A and neoplasm.