VWF and renal cell carcinoma: Since high ADAM28 expression in cell lines PC-9 and Calu-3 (lung carcinoma), MDA-MB231 (breast cancer) and Caki-2 (renal cell carcinoma) protected these cells against the VWF-associated pro-apoptotic effect, the authors concluded that ADAM28 cleavage of VWF could counteract the pro-apoptotic, and thus anti-metastatic, effect of VWF.