In this study, we hypothesized that the functional duality of the TGFβ pathway in HCC (e.g., tumor-suppressive versus tumor-promoting activities) could depend, at least partly, on the degree of DNA methylation in the promoter of TGFβ-responsive genes and/or regulators of the TGFβ pathway. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.