TNF and colitis: The group then investigated the effects of overexpression of miR-31-3p in a DSS-induced colitis model by intracolonic administration of agomirs (dose: 80 μg) and found it to alleviate colitis as seen by the reduction in colonic immune cell infiltration, TNFα, CXCL10 and CCL2 mRNA, and improvement in the histopathology score.