In contrast, a more recent paper demonstrated that hypoxic exposure counteracts colonic inflammation in both CD patients in clinical remission and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice via the activation of autophagy as a result of decreased nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) binding [2]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Cowden disease.