NGF and ischemia: Engineered EVs were used also for the delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the ischemic cortex of mouse brain; EVs containing mRNA and NGF proteins were injected through the tail vein 24 h post-ischemia and were proved to be uptaken by neurons, astrocytes, and microglia cells to reduce inflammation by reshaping microglia polarization and to promote cell survival [68].