TNF and acute kidney injury: Higher preoperative serum TNF-α concentration was observed in patients who later developed CSA-AKI (M = 2.7 (2.42–4.22) ng/mL vs. 2.13 (1.59–2.7) ng/mL in the control group, p = 0.012) and patients who underwent intraoperative hemofiltration (M = 2.7 (2.38–3.95) ng/mL vs. 2 (1.59–2.42) ng/mL in the control group, p = 0.003)—Figure 1c.