Hypomethylation of PC (pyruvate carboxylase; CpG cg10151248) and B3GNTL1 (beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like protein 1; CpG cg13482620; referred to as B3GNTL1 CpG6 in the current study), were also shown to be associated with lung cancer development independent of smoking in a recent cohort study (37). This evidence concerns the gene QTGAL and lung cancer.