While metformin, troglitazone, sulfonilureas and other oral hypoglycemic drugs are, together with an improved lifestyle with increased exercise and weight loss, the first treatment choice for most patients with Type 2 diabetes [8], individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin administrations to supply the lack of endogenous pancreatic insulin production. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.