This is in contrast to autoimmune hyperthyroidism, a disease in which maternal activating thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies may lead to thyrotoxicosis in the baby (2) or autoantibodies in mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus may lead to bradycardia or neonatal lupus in the newborn (31). Here, TSHR is linked to neonatal lupus erythematosus.