Multivariable regression models stratified by type of diabetes revealed that insulin pump use was associated with a lower likelihood of DR (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.93; P = .03) among patients with type 1 diabetes after controlling for duration of diabetes, insurance status, race and ethnicity, and mean HbA1c level (Table 4). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.