TLR4 and glioblastoma: To test the hypothesis that macrophages may act via TLR4 to trigger and modulate anti-GBM GN and to uncover the mechanisms through which TLR4 specifically regulates macrophage-mediated renal injury, we generated the myeloid cell-specific tlr4 conditional knockout mice and established the anti-GBM GN model as previously described [28, 29].